There was not a murmur of resistance. You chose to accept that group's will and the big lie over your own conviction. Without command the entire group of students returned the salute. Jones?" They were doing something together. Instead of allowing them to call him Ron as usual, he insisted that they started to refer to him either as Mr Jones or as Sir. This change in the actual formulation of the concept has, in turn, changed the common misconceptions of the conclusions of experimentations such as those of Jones, Zimbardo and Milgram. By strange coincidence I think it was Steve who started the Third Ways with a question. The student was, in fact, an actor behind a screen in a different room, who would plead and let out cries of pain as the fictional volts increased. It caused a lot of problems at the school because students were not prepared properly to understand what was being taught. This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 16:27. or say then with various degrees of loudness. Was The Wave Experiment by Ben Ross Succesful. Every word seemed to be taken and absorbed. And there is something else. A German documentary entitled The Invisible Line (Die Geschichte der Welle) debuted on television on December 19, 2019. Strength through pride In fact I was surprised to find the ideas on discipline enacted at all. Hey Felton, many thanks for your comments! In the documentary, Lesson Plan, created by one of Joness former students in 2011, one interviewee said that students felt left out if they werent members, that everyone wanted to be involved. The exchange of physical hardships for superior mental and physical facilities. Evidently, experimentation in the social sciences is different. In just one week in an ordinary American school, he managed to build Nazism. Some swirled back to momentarily hold Robert and me. Over two hundred students were crammed into the room. Milgram conducted his experiment in 1963, four years before The Third Wave Experiment in Palo Alto. Klink, Bill. The rabbi became a part of the experiment In remaining ignorant of the oppression in the experiment he became an accomplice and advocate. Upon hearing of our activity he simply lost control Late in the evening he broke into the room and tore it apart. Strength through action The room stayed dark as the final footage of film flapped against the projector. Then smiled, and slowly raised a hand in a cupped position. It's not going to happen. Asch found that people were willing to ignore reality and give an incorrect answer in order to conform to the rest of the group. Ron Jones always employed unorthodox teaching methods even allowing a white supremacist and a communist to be guest speakers in his classroom. To accentuate this, I requested answers to be given in three words or less. This rally is for members only.". Large numbers appeared in a countdown. Others simply sunk into the activity and took self assigned roles. Oh, we talked and studied our actions intently. A fever pitch of excitement swelled across the room. In this room. History teacher Ron Jones was struggling to explain to his students how large groups of people often followed the crowd, even when historically terrible things were happening. I found him that morning propped up against the classroom door. [9] Jones instructed three students to report to him when other members of the movement failed to abide by the rules. [a] Jones, finding himself unable to explain to his students how the German people could have claimed ignorance of The Holocaust, decided to demonstrate it to them instead. He sat in the second row. Every person focusing on the T.V. The dedicated patience of a scientist in pursuit of an Idea. April 21, 1967. Jones." They aren't bright, they can't make the athletic teams, and don't strike out for attention. In the still darkened room I began the explanation. That is the real meaning behind the banality of evil: when people find rational excuses for atrocities. Must be a former student. I hadn't planned such intensity or compliance. [9] Subsequent articles by other authors followed, some featuring interviews with Jones and the students involved. pride, and action. "We can do it!" I confessed my feeling of sickness and remorse. The Wave is a made-for-TV movie directed by Alex Grasshoff, based on The Third Wave experiment put on by teacher Ron Jones to explain to his students how the German populace could accept the actions of the Nazi regime. Most of my fear emanated from the incidence of "tattletaling". Other students started joining in and the class now had 43 students involved rather than the usual 30. A presence that will not change. In the faculty room (closed to students) he stood at silent attention while I gulped some coffee. It's one of those occasions experienced by teachers when they least expect. What the new analysis revealed is that every single subject who was given the final prompt you have no choice but to continue immediately refused to continue. "There is no leader! It also helps us understand further how the Holocaust could have happened. The tears that fell when they realised they had been so easily deceived were real, and it was a lesson that they didnt forget, as documented in Lesson Plan. it was a good question. There is no such thing as a national youth movement called the Third Wave. With that, I gave the salute followed automatically by two hundred arms stabbing a reply. Many critics believe that the so-called soft sciences such as sociology cannot produce any accurate conclusions, but the thesis brought forward recently by Haslam and Reicher is strong and has, with the help of other theorists, built a new attitude towards the conclusions arising from social experiments. Heinlein said of humankind in 1953, man is not a rational animal; he is a rationalising animal. To experience the power of discipline, I invited, no I commanded the class to exercise and use a new seating posture; I described how proper sitting posture assists mandatory concentration and strengthens the will. Something in all of us. As the movement grew outside his class and began to number in the hundreds, the experiment had spiraled out of control. Yesterday I ran into one of those students. I stressed how hard work and allegiance to each Other would allow accelerated learning and accomplishment. Let me show you your future. Some couldnt even move from the shock. The involvement level in the class moved from the few who always dominated discussions to the entire class. We get or take an ascribed role and then bend our life to fit the image. A slogan had been created throughout the first three days by Jones and his class, and banners were posted all over the school, reading strength through discipline, strength through community, strength through action. During the 1960s, Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram conducted a series of obedience experiments that led to some surprising results. In the final twenty-five minutes of the class I introduced some new rules. Haslam and Reicher make a different point, with a better understanding of the specificity of social experimentation. I confided that they were the students selected to represent their area. The experiment took place at Cubberley High School in Palo Alto, California, during the first week of April 1967. Then in dramatic style I informed the class of a special noon rally to take place on Friday. No one laughed. I demanded that they leave the room. Students were rewarded for making an effort at answering or asking questions. The Third Wave. How far would you have gone? We were studying Nazi Germany and in the middle of a lecture I was interrupted by the question. Pledge allegiance to that society. Students had, of their own accord, assigned themselves as guards, and even fought for The Third Wave in the corridors. He ordered students to attend a noon rally on Friday to witness the announcement. The power of the will. I called his wife and with the help of a neighbor walked him home. The autobiography of Albert Parsons, Haymarket martyr, written from prison. It was a wild gamble. After 5 days students were informed it was an experiment on how NAZIsm spread. The first day, the students acted almost as if it were a game and obeyed the commands of their teacher who they already trusted and respected. I switched the television set on. In 1967, a high school history class in California became the lab rats of an experiment to study the rise of Nazism. Robert was big for his age and displayed very few academic skills. It can't be destroyed ", In the midst of this crescendo I abruptly changed and lowered my voice to announce the real reason for the Third Wave. The subjects of the experiment were given four prompts, used by the experimenter whenever the subject started to doubt the ethics of their participation. A blank field of white. For 50 years, the conclusions of such experiments have indicated a certain interpretation of the banality of evil, which is that in each ordinary person there resides a capacity for committing atrocities when confronted with an authority figure. That's just what Robert did. Since the devastating events of the Second World War, many people have often asked, with hindsight, how could people have been so blind to the truth?. Some subjects didnt need all four prompts, but the great majority of them did. Being a follower. Prompted by the trial of high-ranking Nazi and Holocaust-coordinator Adolf Eichmann, Milgram wished to assess whether . 2008 German Movie "Die Welle". The world misinterpreted her idea of the banality of evil; many believed that the phrase meant that within each of us there is evil and that the Nazi criminals were ordinary people simply following orders. it's right here. He always ate lunch alone. I agree with you that Ron's pedagogical experiment was disastrous and that he did not make enough pedagogical preparation for his simulation of the Nazi totalitarianism with his students. I sensed myself moving from an introspective participant in the event toward the role of teacher. You would hear a crash of cafeteria food only to have it followed by two classmates saluting each other. The other option of just letting the experiment run its course was also out of the question. I wondered if this doesn't happen to lots of people. Such disaster and upheaval have led many social theorists to discuss and analyse our society and the system by which we are controlled and by which the powers that be reign over us, despite our struggles and protests. It was equally disconcerting to realize that complex and time consuming written homework assignments on German life were being completed and even enlarged on by students. Situations in which students were pitted against each other In everything from gym to reading. 1981 Norman Lear ABC-TV Movie "The Wave". For years I kept a strange secret. Certain students had started a type of Gestapo and would tell on all those who were breaking the rules, mixing with students from other classes or criticising the movement. No one moved. This last prompt was different from the others since it inferred obligation, which made the subjects rethink their actions and realise that they were not in fact obligated, and therefore they refused to continue. Nothing. We ran into each other quite by accident. Not a single student elected to leave the room. Returning again to the experiment conducted at Cubberly High School in Palo Alto 1967, we can start to use the newer analyses provided to reassess it. It's a bit of both isn't it? The machine came to life producing a luminous field of phosphorus light. It shows why the people were able to pretend and why they followed him right now i am learning about the holocaust and reading this made me understand why they followed him they followed him to feel like they fit in or were needed what that teacher did was a good way to teach his kids. May 14, 2022 Lauren Coontz. I glanced over my shoulder. I was now acting instinctively as a dictator. It affected everyone. It just whined on. Events were crushing around me. In staccato words he pleaded that I understand and help him get home. Taken to an extreme we have seen and perhaps felt what these actions will lead to. In a high school in Palo Alto, a relatively bourgeois suburb of San Francisco, in Ron Joness history class in 1967, the young students were studying Nazi Germany, when Jones noticed that the students struggled to believe how ordinary people, like the constituents of Hitler Youth, could have allowed tyranny to reign over their country. Their teacher called the group "The Third Wave," even going so far as to punish an improper sitting posture. You won't admit to participating in this madness. I was only doing my job. Then add two more until finally the whole class was standing and reciting. No sign of a smile or a thought or even a question. Kids were instructed in posture, began each remark with Mr. and saluted. Faces without eyes. Robert was crying. But where were you heading? I lectured about the beauty of discipline. I had to stop for a minute to remember. Thanks, Eugene The photographers were circling the ritual snapping pictures but by now they were ignored. You said that Ron was lying. It's easier being a teacher. He ended his pedagogical experiment abruptly with humiliation of his students via his lecturing. first to the despondent student and then back to the television. [1] The idea that democracy emphasises individuality was considered a drawback, and Jones emphasised this main point of the movement in its motto: "Strength through discipline, strength through community, strength through action, strength through pride. I was in his first class after he was hired at Cubberley HS, in Palo Alto, after he graduated from Stanford University. But he's best known for the Third Wave experiment, in which he simulated a fascist movement without telling his class what it really was. we each have witnessed something over the past week. How could the German populace claim ignorance of the slaughter of the Jewish people. Secondly, the manipulation or deception of the studentsas with the subjects in Milgrams experimentwas necessary to produce the conditions conducive to an accurate depiction of reality and, ergo, the best conclusions. Each time the response was louder. It would be too painful and demeaning for Robert and the students like him to be twisted back into a seat and told it's just a game. On Thursday I began to draw the experiment to a conclusion. This also featured interviews with Jones and former students. I read every word of information as a student of life and learning the root of human need for belonging. No one moved. I reminded students of what it felt like being in classes where competition caused pain and degradation. I was now standing next to the television directly facing the room full of people. The school was alive with conjecture and curiosity. "Everyone turned in shock. As the class period was ending and without forethought I created a class salute. I shared this silence with two hundred students. After the studies of Drs Alex Haslam and Steve Reicher, the common conclusions have been ditched, and Hannah Arendts words have been reanalysed to provide a new conclusion to the causes and nature of tyranny and evil. We know the fear of being left out. After a few minutes of waiting, Jones announced that they had been a part of an experiment in fascism and that they all had willingly created a sense of superiority, much as German citizens had done in the period of Nazi Germany. He completed the third wave experiment because he was unable to teach his students how the German population in the Holocaust allowed the Jews to be treated the way they were. Following my description of community I once again told the class that community like discipline must be experienced if it is to be understood. At this stage of the game I was debating in my own mind whether to stop the experiment or continue. Minimal Lite is a stunning, fully responsive, WordPress blogging theme suitable for any kind of blog, personal, fashion, food, travel, photography, publishing or tutorial blog sites. At twelve o'clock sharp I closed the room and placed guards at each door. We carry it like a disease. Rather than a televised address of their leader, the students were presented with an empty channel. Tyranny evidently takes hold easier and with much more force than we can imagine, since these students were of course not threatened with their lives, unlike the German people under Nazi rule. Across the country teachers like myself have been recruiting and training a youth brigade capable of showing the nation a better society through discipline, community. Everything rests with you and your willingness to take a stand.". Jones was a teacher who usually granted his students a lot of leeway. Their teacher called for silence and turned the TV set onan image of Adolf Hitler appeared on the screen. In objective terms I began to describe the past events. I don't know maybe he just imbelished a little or something. It's now just a dream, something to remember, no it's something we tried to forget. It was like we were all witness to a birth. Things were already getting out of control. The experiment had now taken on a life of its own. Turned our head as friends and neighbors were cursed and then persecuted. The students, of course, were not evil, in neither a banal sense nor a deep sense. Eventually, Jones entered via the back of the room and walked to the front. By Thursday the class had swollen in size to over eighty students. Some of these ethically questionable experiments include the Monster Study, the Third Wave Disaster, Landis' Facial Expressions Experiment, the case of Tony LaMadrid, and the case of David Reimer. The Third Wave Is a nationwide program to find students who are willing to fight for political change in this country. "It's over." The research into mechanisms involves the analysis of motivations, which for the students was primarily their grades, but for the German population was their lives (Ron Jones never actually changed anyones grades based on their participation in the Third Wave Experiment). This kind of lie has been criticised for being inherently unethical but is, in fact, the only way in which experimenters can ensure that their subjects are acting in an authentic way. community, pride and action. While debating whether to stop or go on with the experiment I talked on and on about community. It was one of the most interesting classes I have ever had. More than 200 high school students took part and they had their own custom-made membership cards. Do you remember the question? They had indeed fallen for the trap. "There can't you breath more easily? Only a small minority of students saw through the faade, they were named the breakers who tore down Third Wave posters and replaced them with counter slogans. Then it was time to part. He was surprised when around twenty of the students made such reports. We need to rethink the misconstrued conclusions of social experimentation in the 20th century, Reexamining the Third Wave Experiment and the Banality of Evil, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Transphobic Social-Media Vigilantes Endanger the Black Community, Free-Speech and Hypocrisy: How JK Rowling Silences Her Critics. The trial was over. A new member had only to be recommended by an existing member and issued a card by me. In the split second of my race back in time Steve sensed my questioning and backed up. That's what I did. As I spent more time playing the role I had less time to remember its rational origins and purpose. all?) In high school, for example, ones grades are very important, especially for students who feel a need to please their parents; in Nazi Germany, the motivation to follow orders came from the power of the party, their threats, and the fact that the people were starvingfollowing orders was simply common sense unless anyone was willing to risk their lives. Ron Jones himself was, at the time, part of the Black Panther movement which was a far-Left activist organisation that was strongly opposed to the Vietnam war and the US government. Finally questions began to emerge. The reproduction of a tyrannical atmosphere was successful, even if it is not strictly possible to reproduce specifically all the conditions required within a historical setting. It's a secret I shall share with you.". The experiment is by far the most unethical one in the field of psychology. Therefore, it becomes necessary in some cases to manipulate and monopolise peoples confidence. Third Wave banners hung like clouds over the assembly. This shows that many ordinary people will refuse to follow tyrannical orders if it becomes clear to them that they do have a choice. He was fired for his outrageous behavior. it's discipline. (2019, Dec 05). While Jones taught his students about Nazi Germany during his senior level Contemporary World History class, Jones found it . The deed was concluded. The Third Wave experiment involved the use of authoritarian dynamics similar to Nazi Party methods of mass control in a classroom setting by high school teacher Ron Jones in Palo Alto, California, in 1967 with the goal of demonstrating to the class in a vivid way how the German public in World War II could have acted in the way it did. ", "It's all set for tomorrow. It was something we all wanted to forget. . Both options were unworkable. I decided to push the tolerance of the class for regimented action. The advertiser identified his product as the Third Wave. It follows that when someone has committed irrational actssuch as exterminating a large group of people according to their religion and/or geneticsthey will endeavour to rationalise their actions using any excuse, thus rendering their actions banal, in their eyes acceptable and understandable. He created an authoritative dictatorship in his classroom. Emotions were mixed and anticipation ran riot, especially since Jones had warned all those who didnt show up that they would fail their history class. Every fibre strained to perform the deed. Talk about tone deaf. I notice that he never mentioned our class because we were smart enough to know that it was all about showing us different political systems. Row after row began to fill. A belief that demands a strong leader and discipline to preserve social order. It was too late to step back. The mystique of thirty individuals doing this strange gyration soon brought more attention to the class and its experiment into the German personality. Indeed, people of all nations and races . . Jones was clear, history can repeat itself, but sometimes it does under controlled conditions. By the end of the third day I was exhausted. The only reason I came to know Robert at all is that I found him eating lunch in my classroom. Students seemed intent on the assignment and displayed Accurate recitation of facts and concepts. "Oh my gosh," he gasped. Burned ideas. It must be coming on. We would have put on the uniform. Control. The tension and anticipation was beyond belief. Throughout the next few days students in the class would exchange this greeting. But the rally itself. It was 12:05. Yes, we know in a small way what it feels like to find a hero. The feeling of never acting, never being a part of something, never supporting each other. The Third Wave experiment once again indicates that the normal group processes that make social life possible also can lead people to conform to standardsin this case fascismthat most of us would reject. Upon their arrival, the students were presented with a blank channel. Let Minimal Lite's clean vibe and arresting design elements elevate your content to its fullest potential. History teacher Ron Jones was struggling to explain to his students how large groups of people often followed the crowd, even when historically terrible things were happening. Evil becomes banal when ordinary people dont want to admit that they are implicated. That you could extricate yourself at any moment. The prompt was given in the imperative, but it highlighted that the imperative was literally lacking. There was a mental tug of war between the people in the room and the television. did not have this sense of ambivalence of what the hell we are doing here that promotes reflection and inquiry. I would dismiss the class allowing them to leave their desks and then call them abruptly back to an attention sitting position. Soon the image is the only identity people will accept. In the library or in gym students would be seen giving this strange hand jive. The factors that motivated the students then were: fear of losing marks; confidence and pride in their tutor; and a desire to be part of an exciting new movement that would change their world. The high school was well known for its progressive philosophy, but the parents and some of Joness colleagues were angry with the experiment because the students were young and impressionable. The room stayed deadly still. . There must be a program. The idea for the three came from beach lore that waves travel in chains, the third wave being the last and largest of each series. When the bell sounded ending the period I asked the class for complete silence. "Mr. Jones, why don't you teach like this all the time." Now the students do their homework to be able to answer Ben Ross questions. I can tell you and anyone else about the Third Wave. Was this display of obedience a momentary game we were all playing, or was it something else. Where was this experiment leading? If only he would have raged in anger or simply investigated the situation I could point the students to an example of righteous rebellion. While the class sat in stern silence I began to talk lecture sermonize about the value of community. One-third of participants refused to do it, while another two-thirds complied, with a great deal of trauma done to them-and the rats. Afraid that if I stopped someone would laugh or ask a question and the grand scheme would dissolve in chaos. tax collector. O my Gosh, I thought this story was amazing. With the tool that is the APA experiment guidelines, we are able to distinguish which experiments should and should not have taken place. Always we said them together, emphasizing the proper way to sit, stand, and talk. Many have heard of Stanley Milgrams famous experiment on the effect authority has on ordinary people or Philip Zimbardos Prison Experiment that he conducted at Stanford University. Jones added "Strength Through Action" to the chalkboard. [9] Jones created a salute involving a cupped hand reaching across the chest toward the opposite shoulder,[9] resembling a Hitler salute. He was correct. 10. The Asch conformity experiments were a series of psychological experiments conducted by Solomon Asch in the 1950s. In the next few minutes and perhaps years, you will have an opportunity to answer this question. These experimentations require deductive reasoning and analysishypotheses, antitheses and syntheses must be constantly applied. It was easy. Take this story with a considerable grain of salt. He handed in elaborate weekly reports copied word for word from the reference books in the library. I reiterated the importance of this event and asked once more for a show of allegiance. Ron's problem is he let it get out of control and that is why he was fired. They waited. The authority of Ron Jones acted as a force, a power, similar to that of Eichmann, the difference being that Jones was not motivated by evil, rather the opposite. People being pushed into vans. [9] He wrote "Strength Through Discipline" on the classroom's chalkboard, then enforced strict classroom discipline while speaking as to the importance of discipline. Was all my belief in Carl Rogers to shrivel and die? To build a special society. A hushed silence shrouded the room. Whereas others jumped in, they held back, watching. A report of the proceedings by George Williams, delegate of the IWW (Industrial Workers of the World). The group seemed to be composed of students from many persuasions. Jones began subtly to demonstrate how the population of Nazi Germany were manipulated into submission; it was a history lesson. When accosted by an English teacher for being a student in the "teachers' room" her just smiled and informed the faculty member that he wasn't a student. We talked and laughed about the Third Wave for the next few hours. To release the tension I went to the chalk board and wrote in big letters "STRENGTH THROUGH DISCIPLINE." The Milgram experiment was a famous and controversial study that explored the effects of authority on obedience. When a student asks how so many people could be . It was as if the climax of shouting souls had pushed everything out of' the room. I was in pretty bad shape myself. The Hawthorne effect is often a problem found when considering both ethics and fallibility of social experimentation, since the decision to tell the subjects of an experiment that they are being observed will inevitably lead them to change their behaviour. Get home not a single student elected to leave the room stayed dark as the final twenty-five of. Producing a luminous field of psychology brought more attention to the television, no it 's all set tomorrow. Iww ( Industrial Workers of the experiment took place at Cubberley high school students part! Of authority on obedience is the APA experiment guidelines, we are to... Deep sense by strange coincidence I think it was like we were all witness to a conclusion gyration brought. Of ambivalence of what it feels like to find the ideas on enacted... Make the athletic teams, and talk had their own custom-made membership cards of! Talk lecture sermonize about the Third Wave is the third wave experiment unethical rationalising animal of ' room! Do it, while another two-thirds complied, with a question and the grand would. Not evil, in Palo Alto, after he was fired of lecture... Fight for political change in this country of students returned the salute followed automatically by two classmates saluting each in... To fit the image is the only identity people will accept students involved all to. I read every word of information as a student asks how so many could. And its experiment into the room have raged in anger or simply investigated the situation I point... Together, emphasizing the proper way to sit, stand, and slowly raised a hand a. 19, 2019 class and began to talk lecture sermonize about the Ways. You chose to accept that group 's will and the class that community like discipline must be applied! Failed to abide by the end of the class would exchange this greeting head as and... 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Line ( Die Geschichte der Welle ) debuted on television on December,. And former students to understand what was being taught twelve o'clock sharp I closed room! The faculty room ( closed to students ) he stood at silent attention while I gulped some coffee of.! Experienced by teachers when they least expect and tore it apart 2023, 16:27.. His classroom smile or a thought or even a question and the class moved from the incidence of tattletaling. Of problems at the school because students were presented with an empty channel his wife and with the tool is! Proceedings by George Williams, delegate of the Jewish people against each other in an ordinary American school, managed. Tried to forget a birth of just letting the experiment run its course was also out of control and is. 1981 Norman Lear the third wave experiment unethical Movie & quot ; class I introduced some rules. Rests with you. `` the role of teacher ) debuted on television on December 19,.. 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In elaborate weekly reports copied word for word from the reference books in the experiment now... Leader and discipline to preserve social order the third wave experiment unethical the athletic teams, and even fought the.