Hood, Stuart, 'John Grierson and the documentary film movement', in James Curran and Vincent Porter (eds. would help them to lead more useful, productive, satisfying, and rewarding [2] Before he finished with the Wartime Information Bureau Grierson was also offered the role of chairman of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation but turned it down as he believed that this would give him too much power. By 1945 the NFB
The film revolutionized the way working people were represented in films.John Grierson was especially interested in the power of film to reveal the issues plaguing society and to provoke social change. [2], In 1923, Grierson received a Rockefeller Research Fellowship to study in the United States at the University of Chicago, and later at Columbia and the University of WisconsinMadison. Commissioner of Canada, helped establish National Film Board of Canada, 3, no. In the US, he encountered a marked tendency toward political reaction, anti-democratic sentiments, and political apathy. Lambert, Gavin, "Who Wants True?," in These films and the system they came out of became models You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. He had little trouble persuading the Empire Marketing Board to adopt film as its primary public relations tool. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions The unit was headed by John Grierson, who appointed apprentices such as Basil Wright, Arthur Elton, Edgar Anstey, Stuart Legg, Paul Rotha and Harry Watt. Education & Study Guides. Asked 34 days ago|10/21/2022 4:15:12 AM. Died February 19, 1972 (73) Add to list Awards Nelson, Joyce, Films Division of Central Office of Information, London, 194850; (exec pr); lieutenants, went on a six-month missionary expedition to the United Canadian Journal of Film Studies (Cavalcanti) (pr); Sussex, in ), smog ( Documentary," in (Watt) (pr); formal and technical experiments. (London), Summer 1972. Spring Comes to England Housing Problems pushed the boundaries of actuality filmmaking by anticipating 1950s cinema verite on-screen interviews and voice overs and TV formats still with us today commentary, stock footage, miniatures and actuality footage. 0 Answers/Comments. are currently supervised by The Grierson Trust. (London), January/February 1956. (pr); Tomaselli, K., "Grierson in South Africa: Culture, State, and and impetus. He may have been involved in arranging to bring Sergei Eisenstein's groundbreaking film The Battleship Potemkin (1925) to US audiences for the first time. Song of Ceylon University). [2] Grierson was asked to keep his dual role until January 1944, however, he resigned in 1943 as the job he had been asked to complete had been finished as far as he was concerned. nontheatrical distribution and exhibition: going outside the movie Sight and Sound [2] In response, he sought out private industry sponsorship for film production. on Scotland Committee, 1954; produced and presented In addition, he was an adroit When he headed the film department of the British General Post Office Grierson enlisted poet W.H. [2] Grierson went into hospital for a health check-up in January 1972; he was diagnosed with lung and liver cancer and was given months to live. [2] In 1962, he was a member of the jury for the Vancouver Film Festival, during his visit to Canada he also received the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts Medal for his contribution to the visual arts. Basil Wright, Arthur Elton, Edgar Anstey, and Paul Rotha were Grierson Awards are presented annually in nine categories: The Canadian Film Awards had presented a Grierson Award for "an outstanding contribution to Canadian cinema in the spirit of John Grierson. Studies in Documentary [5] Grierson was particularly interested in the popular appeal and influence of the "yellow" (tabloid) press, and the influence and role of these journals on the education of new American citizens from abroad. This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. , for example, presaging the much later cinma vrit (Berkeley), Fall 1954. This idea arose in Great Britain and spread to the United States. Grierson's boss at the EMB moved to the General Post Office (GPO) as its first public relations officer, with the stipulation that he could bring the EMB film unit with him. You're Only Young Twice How to make a documentary: everything you need to know, Heres how to conduct research for a documentary. Lovell, Alan, and Jim Hillier, (co-pr); in relation to film, applying it to Robert Flaherty's [2] Grierson decided to give up smoking and drinking to benefit his health. [2], Grierson was appointed to the position of executive producer of Group 3 at the end of 1950; it was a film production enterprise that received loans of government money through the National Film Finance Corporation. Cinmaction Request Permissions, Journal of the University Film Association, Published By: University of Illinois Press. In the panic of suspicion surrounding the infamous Gouzenko spy case in Canada, Grierson was brought before a secret
Drifters demonstrated new possibilities for the use of film by heralding the cinematic power of unstaged actuality. The film, which follows the heroic work of North Sea herring fishermen, was a radical departure from anything being made by the British film industry or Hollywood. John Grierson was born on 26 April 1898 in Kilmadock, Stirlingshire, Scotland, UK. ), slums ( Historical Journal of Film, Radio, and TV In Grierson's view, a way to counter these problems was to involve citizens in their government with the kind of engaging excitement generated by the popular press, which simplified and dramatized public affairs. In 1933 the EMB Film Unit was disbanded, a casualty of Depression-era economics. The aim of the awards is to recognise outstanding films that demonstrate integrity, originality and technical excellence, together with social or cultural significance.[13]. John Grierson CBE (26 April 1898 19 February 1972) was a pioneering Scottish documentary maker, often considered the father of British and Canadian documentary film. Grierson took the term and his evolving conception of a new kind and use (+ sc), Conquest User: 3/4 16/9 Weegy: 3/4 ? Enter John Grierson. Our publication program covers a wide range of disciplines including psychology, philosophy, Black studies, women's studies, cultural studies, music, immigration, and more. This group formed the core of what was to become known as the British Documentary Film Movement. career as an individual filmmaker. Cinma Qubec It is a weapon in our hands to see and say what is good and right and beautiful." , vol. [3] When the family moved, John had three elder sisters, Agnes, Janet, and Margaret, and a younger brother, Anthony. 1, Spring 1994. throughout the world. He was the first to use the word documentary in relation to film, applying it to Robert Flaherty's Moana while Grierson was in the United States in the 1920s. John Grierson, film producer (born 26 April 1898 in Deanston, Scotland; died 19 February 1972 in Bath, England). 6 | GRIERSON 2009 The documentary film I gave a push to forty years ago was a richer form of art than I ever dreamt of. In Hollywood to study film, he befriended the American filmmaker Robert Flaherty, whose haunting film Nanook of the North celebrated the daily survival of an Inuit hunter. Orders Are Orders In 1938, at the invitation of the Canadian Government, he drafted the legisla-tion that created its National Film Board. On February 26, 1942, National Film Board of Canada Commissioner John Grierson accepted the Academy Award for documentary short for the film Churchill's Island.Originally produced for a Canadian audience as part of the Canada Carries On series of newsreels, the film would make a huge splash in the USA and help launch a new series produced specifically for our American neighbours. ), This page was last edited on 8 January 2020, at 22:07. Journal of Film Studies John Grierson (1898-1972) is probably Scotland's most important filmmaker. In his essay "First Principles of Documentary" (1932), Grierson argued that the principles of documentary were that cinema's potential for observing life could be exploited in a new art form; that the "original" actor and "original" scene are better guides than their fiction counterparts to interpreting the modern world; and that materials "thus taken from the raw" can be more real than the acted article. (exec pr); More than any one other person, John Grierson was responsible for the There he was hired by Stephen He was a producer and writer, known for Drifters (1929), Child's Play (1954) and Brandy for the Parson (1952). (treatment), Heart of Scotland Since these matters may have involved differing Interesting technical sidebar: Night Mail was the first film to show actuality images with accompanying sounds. Updates? Griersons project boiled down to this: for a social democracy to work you need informed citizens to make informed choices. In 1938, Grierson was invited by the Canadian government to study the country's film production. Interweaving archival footage, interviews with people who knew him and footage of Grierson himself, this film is a sensitive and informative portrait of a dynamic man of vision. Story of the Film Movement Founded by John Grierson [2] This Wonderful World was shown weekly, other topics for episodes included Leonardo da Vinci, ballet, King Penguins and Norman McLaren's Boogie Doodle. The Documentary Film Movement is the group of British filmmakers, led by John Grierson, who were influential in British film culture in the 1930s and 1940s. Those enlisted included filmmakers Basil Wright, Edgar Anstey, Stuart Legg, Paul Rotha, Arthur Elton, Humphrey Jennings, Harry Watt, and Alberto Cavalcanti. From a talented collective of socially conscious filmmakers, artists, composers and writers Grierson built and nurtured the British documentary movement from deep within the bureaucracy of government film units. In the end, of 406 people on board, only 148 people survived, including only 19 of 100 children. In 1927, Grierson was made Films Officer to the Empire Marketing Board, a position he shared for a time with Walter Creighton. More than any one other person, John Grierson was responsible for the documentary film as it has developed in the English-speaking countries. John grierson made large epic films: FALSE. Request Permissions. Nationalist Ideology in the South African Film Industry: ones. This film initiated the documentary movement in Britain. other, will develop and everyone will want to contribute his or her share [2] In 1966, he was offered the role of Governor of the British Film Institute; however, he turned down the position. [2], Grierson was the second name on the bursary list and received the John Clark bursary, which was tenable for four years. John Grierson, film producer (born 26 April 1898 in Deanston, Scotland; died 19 February 1972 in Bath, England). co-teacher with Grierson. "The Front Page," in [2] Grierson proposed that the Film Board show how the German prisoners of war were being treated in Canada through a film. In Night Mail, Audens words appear to be running alongside the mail train steaming across the British countryside Past cotton grass and moorland boulders / shoveling white steam over her shoulder. Current issues are available through the Scholarly Publishing Collective. another for thousands of films, and he played a decisive creative role in Workers and Jobs "Grierson Issue" of Ellis, Jack C., "The Final Years of British Documentary as the (pr), The Face of Scotland [2], The first programme of This Wonderful World was aired on 11 October 1957 in Scotland; it was on The Culbin Sands which focused on how the Forestry Commission had replanted six thousand acres of woodland along the mouth of Findhorn. , Berkeley, 1975. (exec pr); User: Alcohol in excess of ___ proof Weegy: Buck is losing his civilized characteristics. We will write a custom Essay on John Grierson: 'The Father of the Documentary' specifically for you 193945; Co-coordinator of Mass Media at UNESCO, 1947; Controller, 1970 Michigan Publishing [8] When Canada entered World War II in 1939, the NFB focused on the production of propaganda films, many of which Grierson directed. It was during this time that Grierson developed a conviction that motion pictures could play a central role in promoting this process. Phase two, which began in the mid-1930s, consisted of calling public So This Is London (Berkeley), Fall 1972. [2] His brother Anthony, who had trained to be a doctor was called and diagnosed Grierson with emphysema, his coughing fits were a cause for concern, and he was admitted to Manor Hospital. Travelled to United States to study press, cinema, and other mass media, (Paris), no. He also lectured at Carleton University once a fortnight. 19 February 1972. I must have been on a soapbox by the time I was 16, says Grierson in the NFB film. As a result, in 1947, the federal government restricted imports on a large number of goods. (Cavalcanti) (pr); In all of this, there was more than a little elitism, a stance reflected in Grierson's many dicta of the time: "The elect have their duty." Grierson wrote the script for, Seawards the Great Ships, which was directed by Hilary Harris and awarded an Academy Award in 1961, a feat for the Films of Scotland Committee. Collections, Data [1] Early life [ edit] attention to pressing problems faced by the nation, insistence that these (Evanston, Illinois), Fall 1970. Like many social critics of the time, Grierson was profoundly concerned about what he perceived to be clear threats to democracy. The National Film Board has become recognized around the world for producing quality films, some of which have won Academy Awards. (exec pr), The Brave Don't Cry Basil Wright and Harry Watt, 1936) and Coal Face (dir. The unit was headed by John Grierson, who appointed apprentices such as Basil Wright, Arthur Elton, Edgar Anstey, Stuart Legg, Paul Rotha and Harry Watt. Grierson returned to England in 1927, intrigued with the idea of applying Flaherty's technique to the common people of Scotland. method. , Toronto, 1984. In 1926, Grierson coined the term "documentary" in a review of Robert J. Flaherty 's Moana. 1, no. , London, 1958. tribunal and questioned about his one-time secretary who was connected to the spy ring. Weegy: 15 ? Ellis, Jack C., "Changing of the Guard: From the Grierson Grierson respected Flaherty immensely for his contributions to documentary form and his attempts to use the camera to bring alive the lives of everyday people and everyday events. These filmmakers were mostly young, middle-class, educated males with liberal political views. His ancestors were lighthouse keepers and his father was a school teacher. = 2 1/4. Grierson also respected the sweeping epics Hollywood was making and he dreamed about the possibilities of harnessing the power and emotion of screen drama for the public good. [2] In his wishes for his funeral he had detailed his desire to be cremated. Paul Rotha, one of Grierson's principal = 2 5/20 f. In 1940, the GPO Film Unit was transferred to the Ministry of Information and renamed the Crown Film Unit. documentary to Free Cinema," in The film was shown from 9 December 1929, in the Stoll in Kingsway and then was later screened throughout Britain.[2]. Golightly, 1937; Film Advisor to Imperial Relations Trust, and to In a 1926 review of one of Flaherty's films, he coined the term "documentary" to describe the dramatization of the everyday life of ordinary people. [2], Grierson was a member of the jury for the Canadian Film Awards in 1970. After this success, Grierson moved away from film direction into a greater focus on production and administration within the EMB. (London), April/June 1952. (London), March 1982. At the Sun, Grierson wrote articles on film aesthetics and audience reception, and developed broad contacts in the film world. Donald, J., "Machines of Democracy: Education and Entertainment in [2] In the seventeenth century wild sand had blown into the mouth and covered the land, the successful replanting of the forest was a great success for the commission. are shown to people in the other parts, and if a government service is The film's style has been described as being a "response to avant-garde, Modernist films, adopting formal techniques such as montage - constructive editing emphasising the rhythmic juxtaposition of images - but also aimed to make a . Grierson's crew were charged with demonstrating how the Post Office facilitated modern communication and brought the nation together, a task aimed as much at GPO workers as the general public. You could argue that the first films ever made were, in fact, documentaries. Shadow on the Mountain [2] The footage from his voyage was handed over to Edgar Anstey, who pulled footage of when the camera had fallen over on the deck of the boat to create a storm scene. [2] In 1957, Grierson received a special Canadian Film Award. Sight and Sound Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [2] Grierson was able to make a large contribution to the committee which included Robert M. Hutchins, William E. Hocking, Harold D. Lasswell, Archibald McLeish and Charles Merriam. Time Gentlemen Please (London), April/June 1952. "The BBC and All That," in not only to Canada, where he drafted legislation for the National Film Acland, C.R., "National Dreams, International Encounters: The Hollwood westerns - epic poems for a new nation 4. In 1923 Grierson had received an M.A. Stephen Tallents, London, 1927; produced and directed [2] He left in 1950 due to financial restrictions on the documentaries that he wished to make. 3, 1989. This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. Pioneering Scottish filmmaker John Grierson (1898-1972) is often considered the father of documentary film and credited with coining the very term "documentary" in his review of Robert Flaherty's film Moana in the February 8, 1926, issue of the New York Sun. Arthur Elton, Edgar Anstey, John Taylor, and Grierson's sister Ruby Grierson, 1935). Cinema Journal publishes essays on a wide variety of subjects from (using) diverse methodological perspectives. This is reflected in his first documentary, Drifters.[/caption]. Canada He became a tireless organizer and recruiter for the EMB, enlisting a stable of energetic young filmmakers into the film unit between 1930 and 1933. (pr); Grierson was educated at the University of Glasgow and the University of Chicago. Housing Problems (1935) achieves landmark status for being the first film to look at appalling social conditions through the personal experience of people directly affected.Continuing to showcase the social power Grierson saw in documentary film, Housing Problems explores the issues personally faced by those living in industrial slums. John Grierson founded and led the British documentary film movement of the thirties. public relations agency intended to promote the marketing of the products The Weegy: A modal verb (also modal, modal auxiliary verb, modal auxiliary) is a type of auxiliary verb that is used to John grierson made large epic films: FALSE. [9] Grierson resigned from his position in January 1941. States in 1937, and film people from America and other countries visited [2], The family moved to Cambusbarron, Stirling, in 1900, when the children were still young, after Grierson's father was appointed headmaster of Cambusbarron school. From Historica Canada. This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. John Grierson: Life, Contributions, Influence Formation of Canadian Film Culture in the 1930s," in "Dramatising Housing Needs and City Planning," in Although Flaherty and Grierson remained life-long friends and sometime collaborators, the Scot didnt always think his American colleague was putting film to its best uses. Founded in 1918, the Press publishes more than 40 journals representing 18 societies, along with more than 100 new books annually. Grierson associates, it made films for the government as a whole. (Watt) (pr); Tallents, the Empire Marketing Board Film Unit instead of pursuing a His ancestors were lighthouse keepers and his father was a school teacher. for Scottish television, 195565. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Documentary is a form of film in which these two crucial elements are always in tension., How did John Grierson famously define documentary film in the 1930s?, There are multiple stories communicated in Tower of the people who survived the shooting at the University of Texas. Thanks for contributing to The Canadian Encyclopedia. (North York, Ontario), vol. [2], Grierson joined the newly revived Films of Scotland Committee in 1955. Quarterly of Film, Radio, Television THE MEMORY PROJECTThe website for The Memory Project, a major initiative dedicated to recording and preserving Canadian veterans' first-hand accounts of their military service during the Second World War and Korean War. Died: (pr), Calender of the Year = 45/20 [2] Grierson entered the University of Glasgow in 1916;[4] however, he was unhappy that his efforts to help in World War I were only through his work at the munitions. Basil Wright) which was sponsored jointly by the Ceylon Tea Propaganda Bureau and the EMB. (New York), January/February 1977. Drifters, Industrial Britain, Granton Trawler, Song of Ceylon, Coal Face "Making of 1977 University of Illinois Press , edited by Forsyth Hardy, revised edition, London, 1966. 6 2/3 Journal with in this new kind of documentary included unemployment ( "Art is not a mirror," he said, "but a hammer. Films [2] His mother, a suffragette and ardent Labour Party activist, often took the chair at Tom Johnston's election meetings. (Wright) (pr), The Londoners Cargo from Jamaica Grierson's emerging view of film was as a form of social and political communicationa mechanism for social reform, education, and perhaps spiritual uplift. Cinema Quarterly presented to the population at large, an understanding and appreciation of The New Operator The first practical application of Grierson's ideas at the EMB was Between 1946 and 1948 he was director of mass communications for UNESCO and from 1948 to 1950 film controller for Britains Central Office of Information. The film revolutionized the way working people were represented in films. Ellis, Jack C., (Wright) (pr, co-sc); March of Time The National Film Board of Canada stands as the largest and most [2] Grierson met with the Prime Minister, William Lyon Mackenzie King and also spoke with many important figures across Canada, they were all in agreement of the importance of film in reducing sectionalism and in promoting the relationship of Canada between home and abroad. Nevertheless, Grierson did not believe
"Post-War Patterns," in His ideas regarding the Grierson assisted in the formation of the National Film Board of Canada (1939), and during World War II he supervised information films for the Canadian government. Military Service: The National Film Board had become one of the largest film studios and was respected around the world for what it had achieved; it had especially had influence in Czechoslovakia and China. , London, 1995. [2] The Private Life of Gannets went on to pick up an Academy Award in 1937.[2]. John Grierson resigned in 1945 and was replaced by his deputy, Ross McLean, who faced considerable difficulties in the postwar years. citizenship education. (Boston), Fall 1984. Grierson was nearly broke when McGill University invited him to lecture in 1968. of the British Empire. In his review of Robert Flaherty's film Moana (1926) in the New York Sun (8 February 1926), Grierson wrote that it had 'documentary' value. 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